The 20th edition of the Shangri- la dialogue was hosted from 2nd– 4th June 2023 in Singapore. It is considered one of the most important defence summits in Asia, with over 40 countries coming on a single platform to discuss their defence relations. The crucial issue discussed in this year’s summit stands to be the rising conflict in the Indo- pacific region. Various nations reaffirmed their positions on the matter and strived to reach a collaborative resolution that respects their individual sovereignty without compromising their national integrity.
China’s power and position in the dialogue were one of a few notable concerns for multiple nations. Li Shangfu, the defence secretary, refused to meet the US defence minister; this created a form of upheaval and unrest in the other regions. On the other hand, Shangfu highlighted the ‘growing cold war attitude’ in the Asia-Pacific region. In his speech, Li Shangfu pointed out the importance of communication and cooperation to maintain solidarity in the region. He openly spoke about how communication is more important than confrontation.[1] The three main takeaways from the Chinese defence secretary’s speech were -mutual respect for countries should prevail over hegemonies. Hegemonism can lead to instability and worsening of security relations. It can also lead to unilateral sanctions, turbulence and chaos.[2] Additionally, he emphasised that all countries, whether big or small, poor or rich, are equal members of the international community.[3] He ended his speech by citing the third point that it is important to eliminate conflicts and confrontations through mutual trust and cooperation.[4]
In the panel session on the nuclear dimensions of regional security, a bilateral meeting was held between the defence minister of New Zealand and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) to show a partnership between the two and lead cooperation towards like-minded goals. During the summit, Honourable Andrew James Little assured New Zealand’s continued support for Ukraine against Russian aggression. The importance of upholding the rule-based order was also discussed at length by Japan and Australia, being allies to the NATO bloc.[5]
One of the major events for India was the Indo- China talks over the tensions and border disputes between both countries. India confronted China regarding the 20 soldiers killed in Galwan Valley by the Chinese soldiers. With the continuation of the stand-off between the two countries, other nations have things to say. Another discussion that took place was the ‘Defence cooperation in the Indian Ocean Region’ due to the clashes between the region and the recognisable increase in competition in the Indian Ocean. Rajanth Singh, the defence minister, spoke about any relations between the two countries being conditional on ‘peace and tranquillity” in the border areas[6]. The countries in the Indian Ocean responded to show support, such as Oman has granted privileges to UK, US and India to access its Duqm port. Maldives and India signed an agreement to develop Defence Force Coast Guard Harbour at Sifvaru. The emergence of the Colombo Security Conclave is also a notable step by Sri Lanka to show brotherhood, noting the history between the two countries.
It can be said that the Shangri-La summit had some crucial discussions and debates regarding the rising Security threats in the Asia- Pacific region and the importance of developing sustainable security and cooperation in light of the brewing Security issues in the world Diaspora.
Author: Yukti Khanna, Research Intern, CS3, USI
Endnotes
[1] “Three takeaways on U.S.- China relations after the Shangri- La summit”, United States institute of peace, accessed on 11th June, 2023 https://www.usip.org/publications/2023/06/three-takeaways-us-china-relations-after-shangri-la-summit
[2] General Li Shangfu, State Councilor; Ministry of National Defense, China, “20th Asia Security Summit, Shangri La dialogue- 5th plenary session, 4th June 2023”, International Institute of Strategic Studies, https://www.iiss.org/globalassets/media-library—content–migration/files/shangri-la-dialogue/2023/provisional-transcripts/p-5/general-li-shangfu-state-councilor-minister-of-national-defense-china—provisional.pdf
[3] Ibid
[4] Ibid
[5] “NATO delegation attends Shangri-La dialogue in Singapore”, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, last updated 04 June, 2023 https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/news_215197.htm?selectedLocale=en
[6] Antoine Levesques and Viraj Solanki, “The state of defence cooperation in the Indian ocean region”, international institute of Strategic Studies, published on 2nd June 2023 https://www.iiss.org/online-analysis/online-analysis/2023/05/the-state-of-defence-cooperation-in-the-indian-ocean-region/